Mtengo wotumizira panyanja kuchokera ku China kupita ku Colombia

Kutumiza katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku Colombia kumabweretsa mwayi waukulu wopeza phindu, koma mitengo yotsika yapamadzi yosayembekezereka, misonkho yosayembekezereka ya DIAN, komanso kuchedwa kwa madoko ku Buenaventura kungathe kuchotsa ndalama zanu mwachangu. Ngati mukuvutika kuwerengera molondola mtengo weniweni wa kutumiza katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku Colombia , simuli nokha.

Ku DTFU International Logistics , timayang'anira ma TEU opitilira 300 pamwezi omwe amasamuka kuchokera ku malo opangira zinthu aku Asia kupita ku South America mwachindunji. Pazaka zambiri zoyenda m'madoko ovuta aku Colombia (kuchokera ku SPRB kupita ku TCBUEN) komanso kuyang'anira njira zovuta zoyendera magalimoto akumidzi kudutsa Andes, taphunzira komwe ogulitsa katundu amataya ndalama. Mu bukhuli, tikufotokoza mitengo ya ma container a FCL ndi LCL a 2026, tikuwonetsa ndalama zobisika za madoko am'deralo, ndikukuwonetsani momwe mungayendetsere miyambo yaku Colombia popanda kukodwa mu "Canal Rojo" (Red Channel) yoopsa. Ngati mukutumiza kumadera ena aku South America, onani bukhu lathu la Kutumiza kuchokera ku China kupita ku Brazil.

Zitengera Zapadera

• Ziyerekezo Zamakono: Chidebe cha mamita 40 (HQ) chopita ku Buenaventura pakadali pano chimayambira pa $3,500 mpaka $4,800, kutengera kufunikira kwa nyengo ndi mphamvu yonyamulira.
• Misonkho Ndi Yofunika: DIAN imatsatira malamulo a 19% IVA (VAT) kuphatikiza mitengo yolowera kunja (nthawi zambiri 0-15%) kutengera HS Code yanu yeniyeni.
• Msampha wa "Bodegaje": Mizere yotumizira katundu ingakupatseni masiku 14-21 a nthawi yopuma mu zidebe, koma madoko aku Colombia amangokupatsani masiku 3-5 osungiramo katundu kwaulere (Bodegaje). Chotsani miyambo msanga.
• Kutsatira Ndikofunikira: Muyenera kukhala ndi RUT yogwira ntchito, siginecha ya digito (Siginecha ya digito), ndipo lembani pa VUCE katundu wanu asanafike.

Kuwerengera Ndalama Zonse Zotumizira Zinthu Panyanja Kuchokera ku China Kupita ku Colombia

Kuti mudziwe mtengo womaliza wofikira ku nyumba yanu yosungiramo katundu ku Bogotá kapena Medellín, muyenera kuyang'ana kupitirira mtengo woyambira wa katundu wa panyanja. Kuwerengera kwathunthu kumaphatikizapo ndalama zoyambira ku China, katundu wamkulu wapanyanja, ndalama zolipirira doko lopita ku Colombia, ndi misonkho yokakamiza ya DIAN.

Mitengo ya FCL yomwe ilipo pano kupita ku Buenaventura ndi Cartagena

FCL (Full Container Load) ndiyo njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri yotumizira katundu wambiri. Mitengo imasinthasintha kutengera nthawi ya chaka, makamaka Chaka Chatsopano cha ku China chisanafike kapena nyengo ya tchuthi chapamwamba.

Dziwani: Izi ndi ziwerengero zoyambira za msika wa 2026. Kuti mudziwe mitengo yeniyeni ya mgwirizano, funsani gulu lathu kuti mudziwe zambiri za katundu wanu.

Kutumiza kwa LCL: Kodi ndi liti pamene kumakhala kotsika mtengo?

Ngati katundu wanu ali pansi pa 15 cubic metres (CBM), LCL (Less than Container Load) ndiye chisankho chabwino. M'malo molipira chidebe chonse, mumalipira malo omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito okha.

Mitengo ya LCL kuchokera ku madoko akuluakulu aku China kupita ku Buenaventura nthawi zambiri imakhala pakati pa $80 mpaka $130 pa CBM iliyonse . Komabe, dziwani kuti kutumiza kwa LCL kumakhala ndi ndalama zambiri zoyendetsera malo (DHC) ku CFS (Container Freight Station) ku Colombia. Malangizo a Akatswiri: Kuchotsa katundu m'madoko aku Colombia kungakuwonjezereni masiku ena 3-5 pa nthawi yanu. Ganizirani izi mukukonzekera zinthu zanu. Ngati mukufuna njira zachangu, ganizirani za Kutumiza Khomo ndi Khomo kuchokera ku China kupita ku Colombia.

Misonkho ndi Ntchito za DIAN: Kuwerengera 19% IVA ndi Misonkho Yochokera Kunja

Bungwe la kasitomu la ku Colombia (DIAN) limagwiritsa ntchito misonkho kutengera mtengo wa CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight) wa katundu wanu.

1. Mtengo Wolowera Kunja (Arancel): Kutengera ndi HS code ya malonda anu, izi zimayambira pa 0% (pa ukadaulo wina ndi zinthu zopangira) mpaka 15% (pa nsalu ndi zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu).
2. IVA (Misonkho Yowonjezera Mtengo): Mtengo wa 19% IVA umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ndalama zonse za CIF kuphatikiza mtengo wa zinthu zolowera kunja.

Kugawa ma code a HS molondola n'kofunika kwambiri. Kusayika zinthu zanu m'gulu lolakwika kungayambitse chindapusa chachikulu kapena kulanda katundu ndi DIAN.

Ndalama Zobisika za Madoko ku Madoko aku Colombia: Msampha wa "Bodegaje"

Anthu ambiri omwe amatumiza katundu kumayiko ena koyamba amadabwa ndi ndalama zomwe anthu am'deralo amalipira akafika. Msampha waukulu ndi kusokoneza kampani ya "Free Time" ndi doko la "Free Time."

• Bodegaje (Ndalama Zosungira): Ngakhale kuti kampani yanu yotumizira katundu (monga COSCO kapena ONE) ingakupatseni masiku 21 aulere m'mabotolo, malo oimikapo sitima ku Buenaventura (monga SPRB kapena TCBUEN) nthawi zambiri amapereka zinthu zokha. Kusungirako kwaulere kwa masiku atatu mpaka asanuPambuyo pake, tsiku ndi tsiku bodegaje Ndalama zolipirira zimawonjezeka mofulumira, nthawi zambiri zimawononga madola mazana ambiri pa sabata.
• THC (Zolipiritsa Potengera Malo): Adzalipidwa ndi doko chifukwa chosamutsa chidebecho kuchokera m'chombo kupita ku bwalo.
• Malipiro a Document: Ndalama zogulira Mtengo wonyamulira katundu ndi maoda otulutsa katundu m'deralo.

Kuchokera ku Desiki Yathu Yogwirira Ntchito: Ku DTFU, tikukulangizani kwambiri kuti muyambe "Pre-inspección" (kuchotsera katundu musanatumize katundu) pamene sitimayo ikadali panyanja. Mwa kulola Agente de Aduanas yanu kutumiza mapepalawo msanga, nthawi zambiri titha kutulutsa chidebecho m'doko mkati mwa masiku atatu aulere, ndikukupulumutsirani ndalama zambiri zosungiramo katundu.

Zimatenga Masiku Angati Kutumiza Kuchokera ku China Kupita ku Colombia Panyanja?

Nthawi ndi ndalama. Kumvetsa nthawi yoyendera zinthu kumakuthandizani kusamalira zinthu zomwe zili m'sitolo yanu ya ku Colombia komanso kupewa kutha kwa katundu m'nyumba zanu zosungiramo katundu.

Nthawi Yoyendera Madoko Kupita ku Madoko

Maboti olunjika kuchokera ku malo akuluakulu aku China (monga Shenzhen, Ningbo, kapena Shanghai) kupita ku Buenaventura ndi njira yachangu kwambiri. Njira zotumizira, zomwe zingayime ku Mexico (Manzanillo) kapena Panama (Balboa) zisanafike ku Colombia, zitha kuwonjezera masiku 7 mpaka 14 pa nthawi yanu yonse yoyendera.

Nthawi Yotumizira Kunja: Vuto la "La Línea"

Kufika ndi chidebecho ku doko ndi theka la ulendo. Kuyenda ndi magalimoto ochokera ku Buenaventura kupita ku Bogotá kumafuna kudutsa mapiri a Andes, makamaka malo otchuka odutsa mapiri otchedwa "Alto de La Línea".

Kutengera momwe msewu ulili komanso kupezeka kwa magalimoto akuluakulu, nthawi zambiri ulendowu umatenga masiku awiri kapena anayi . Komabe, nthawi yamvula (Epulo-Meyi ndi Okutobala-Novembala), kugwa kwa nthaka ndi magalimoto akuluakulu kumatha kusintha ulendo wa maola 12 kukhala ulendo wa masiku atatu. Nthawi zonse sungani zinthu zomwe mwagula kuti mugwiritse ntchito paulendowu. Ngati kuchedwa sikuvomerezeka, mungafune kuyerekeza Air Freight ndi Express: Yomwe Ndi Yachangu Komanso Yotsika Mtengo Kuchokera ku China kuti mudziwe njira zina.

Kuyenda mu Miyambo ya ku Colombia Mosazengereza

Miyambo ya ku Colombia ndi yokhwima kwambiri. Chikalata chimodzi chosowa chingasiye katundu wanu padoko.

Zikalata Zofunikira: BL, Invoice Yamalonda, ndi Kulembetsa kwa VUCE

Kuti muchotse msonkho wa kasitomu, Agente de Aduanas (wogulitsa msonkho) wanu wapafupi adzafunika:

• Chikalata Chonyamulira (BL): Pangano lovomerezeka la mayendedwe.
• Mndandanda wa Invoice Yamalonda & Packing: Iyenera kufanana bwino ndi katundu weniweni.
• VUCE (Ventanilla Única de Comercio Kunja): Muyenera kulembetsa pa nsanja iyi kuti mugwiritse ntchito zolengeza zotumiza kunja. Mudzafunikanso kulembetsa Siginecha ya digito (Siginecha ya Digito) kudzera mu bungwe lovomerezeka la ku Colombia monga Certicámara.

RUT ndi Zilolezo Zochokera Kunja

Kampani yanu yaku Colombia isanatumize chilichonse kudziko lina, iyenera kukhala ndi RUT (Registro Único Tributario) yogwira ntchito yokhala ndi chilolezo chodziwikiratu (Casilla 54) kuti igwire ntchito ngati wogulitsa katundu. Katundu wina, monga nsalu, nsapato, ndi zamagetsi, amafunika zilolezo zinazake zotumizira katundu kapena chilolezo choyambirira kuchokera ku maunduna aboma (monga INVIMA ya chakudya/zaumoyo kapena SIC ya zamagetsi).

Momwe Mungapewere Kuyendera Misonkho ya "Canal Rojo"

DIAN imagwiritsa ntchito njira yowongolera zoopsa. Ngati katundu wanu watumizidwa ku Canal Rojo (Red Channel) , zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kuwunika katunduyo moyenera. Izi zimachedwetsa kutumiza kwanu patatha masiku 3-7 ndipo zimawonjezera ndalama zoyendetsera katunduyo.

Kuti muchepetse chiopsezo ichi:

• Lembani Broker wa Level 1: Gwiritsani ntchito Agente de Aduanas Nivel 1Ma broker apamwamba awa ali ndi ziwerengero zapamwamba zotsatizana ndi DIAN, zomwe zimachepetsera chiopsezo chanu choyang'aniridwa ndi njira zofiira.
• Onetsetsani Kuti Ndi Zolondola 100%: Kusiyana pakati pa Mndandanda wanu Wonyamula Zinthu ndi katundu weniweni ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chowunikira katundu.
• Musanene molakwika: DIAN ili ndi ma database apamwamba a mitengo. Kusalengeza mtengo wa malonda a katundu wanu kungayambitse ma audit nthawi yomweyo komanso zilango zoopsa. Kuti muwone bwino ntchito za wotumiza katundu ndi wogulitsa katundu, werengani Udindo Wabwino wa Otumiza Katundu mu Unyolo Wamakono Wopereka Katundu.

Njira Yabwino: Kusankha Doko Loyenera la ku Colombia

Colombia ndi malo apadera ku South America chifukwa ili ndi madoko akuluakulu pa nyanja zonse za Pacific ndi Atlantic.

Buenaventura (SPRB & TCBUEN): Chipata cha Pacific

Ili m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Pacific, Buenaventura imayendetsa zinthu zoposa 60% za katundu wochokera ku Colombia wochokera ku Asia. Ndi njira yachangu komanso yolunjika kwambiri yochokera ku China. Ili ndi malo ambiri oimika magalimoto—makamaka SPRB ndi TCBUEN. TCBUEN imagwira ntchito yokha ndipo nthawi zambiri imakondedwa ndi Maersk ndi MSC, pomwe SPRB ndiye malo odziwika bwino. Buenaventura ndi yabwino kwambiri pa zamagetsi, makina, ndi katundu wopita ku Bogotá, Cali, ndi Medellín.

Cartagena & Barranquilla: Njira ya Atlantic

Cartagena ndi Barranquilla zili m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Caribbean. Ngakhale kuti nthawi yoyendera kuchokera ku China ndi yayitali (popeza zombo ziyenera kudutsa mu Panama Canal), madoko awa ndi abwino kwambiri ngati malo anu omaliza operekera katundu ali kumpoto kwa gombe (Costa Caribe ) ku Colombia, kudutsa njira zonse zamapiri zoyendera magalimoto akuluakulu.

Chifukwa Chake Ogulitsa Zinthu Zakunja Amasankha DTFU International Logistics

Kusamalira zovuta za katundu wapadziko lonse, malamulo a DIAN, ndi magalimoto akuluakulu aku Colombia kumafuna mnzanu wapadera.

Malo Otsimikizika ndi Mitengo Yopikisana

Popeza timayang'anira kuchuluka kwa katundu wonyamula katundu ku Latin America, DTFU International Logistics imapeza malo ofunikira kwambiri pa sitima zapamadzi komanso mitengo ya mgwirizano wa tier-one kuchokera kwa makampani akuluakulu monga COSCO, Maersk, ndi ONE, ngakhale nthawi yachilimwe. Timakupatsirani ndalama izi mwachindunji.

Kugwira Ntchito Koyambira Mpaka Kumapeto Kuchokera Kumafakitale Aku China Kupita Ku Bogotá

Sitikungosuntha mabokosi okha; timapanga njira zothetsera mavuto. Kaya mukufuna kutumiza katundu pakhomo ndi pakhomo (DAP/DDU) kapena mukufuna thandizo polumikizana ndi kampani yanu ya Colombian Agency de Aduanas Nivel 1 kuti mulandire katunduyo komaliza, gulu lathu la anthu olankhula zilankhulo ziwiri limayang'anira katundu wanu maola 24 pa sabata mpaka atadutsa Andes bwinobwino ndikufika m'nyumba yanu yosungiramo katundu.

Ibibazo

Kodi mtengo wapakati wotumizira katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku Colombia ndi wotani pa chidebe cha mamita 40?

Mu 2026, chidebe cha 40ft HQ kuchokera ku madoko akuluakulu aku China kupita ku Buenaventura nthawi zambiri chimadula pakati pa $3,500 ndi $4,800. Mitengo yopita ku Cartagena ndi yokwera pang'ono chifukwa cha njira yopitira ku Panama Canal.

Kodi mtengo wapakati wotumizira katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku Colombia ndi wotani pa chidebe cha mamita 20?

Chidebe cha mamita 20 nthawi zambiri chimakhala pakati pa $2,200 ndi $3,000 ndi Buenaventura. Ndi chabwino kwambiri pa katundu wolemera komanso wolemera m'malo mwa katundu wambiri.

Kodi ulendo wa panyanja kuchokera ku Shenzhen kupita ku Buenaventura umatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Njira yolunjika kuchokera ku Shenzhen kupita ku Buenaventura imatenga masiku pafupifupi 25 mpaka 30 kuchokera ku doko kupita ku doko. Komabe, nthawi zonse onjezerani masiku awiri kapena anayi kuti muyendetse magalimoto amkati mwa dzikolo kudzera pa "La Línea" kupita ku Bogotá.

Kodi Colombia imathandizira kutumiza DDP kuchokera ku China?

DDP yeniyeni (Delivered Duty Payed) ku Colombia ndi yovuta kwambiri chifukwa DIAN imafuna kuti woitanitsa katundu wovomerezeka akhale ndi RUT yakomweko ndikulipira IVA/ntchito mwachindunji. Tikukulimbikitsani kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mawu oti Door-to-Door (DAP), komwe timasamalira zinthu zonse zomwe zikubwera pakhomo panu, koma inuyo mumakhalabe woitanitsa katundu wovomerezeka kuti mutsatire malamulo a msonkho. Kuti mumvetse bwino mawu awa otumizira, onaninso DDP vs FOB: Ndi Njira iti yomwe imasunga nthawi ndikuchepetsa mavuto.

Kodi mwezi wotsika mtengo kwambiri wotumizira katundu ku Colombia ndi uti?

M'mbuyomu, mitengo ya katundu imatsika pang'ono pambuyo pa kukwera kwa Chaka Chatsopano ku China (March mpaka May) komanso nyengo ya tchuthi ya kotala lachitatu isanayambe mu Ogasiti.

Kodi ndikufunika chilolezo cholowetsa katundu ku Colombia?

Inde, muyenera kukhala ndi RUT yolembetsedwa kuti mugulitse (Casilla 54). Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zinazake (monga nsalu, nsapato, ndi zina zamagetsi) zimafuna zilolezo zogulira zinthu kuchokera kunja zomwe zakonzedwa kale kudzera pa nsanja ya VUCE, zomwe zimafuna kampani yolembetsedwa ya Digital.